Roberts

BigY2: 45940, BigY3: 45940
MDKA Birth: United States > Pennsylvania

Tree Position

R-P312/S116 > Z40481 > ZZ11 > DF27/S250 > ZZ12 > Z46512 > FGC78762 > ZZ19 > Z31644 > Z42772 > 8742535-G-GT > A431 > BY3288

Unique Mutations

The mutations unique to this man are summarized in the table below. Those with a '+' or '*' confidence level are considered by FamilyTreeDNA or FullGenomesCorp to be high quality SNPs/INDELs. For completeness, all other mutations of lesser confidence are included as well. These additional mutations may be useful for distinguishing between very closely related men.

Occasionally, some of the mutations listed here will be thought to be shared with other men in which case they might appear in upstream blocks on the tree. When this happens, the 'Blocks' field will indicate what block they appear in. Such a situation might arise with BigY men if the BED data suggests another man may be positive for a SNP, even though it doesn't appear in his VCF data. It might also happen if Chromo2 testing or Sanger sequencing of other men not on the tree show the SNP to be shared.

POS-REF-ALT (hg19) POS-REF-ALT (hg38) Blocks Names Region McDonald BED combBED STRBigY2
45940		BigY3
45940
16107330-A-G 13995450-A-G CTS6919 BY654ZZ15_1 Z16244 P8_Prx A*
19054889-T-C 16943009-T-C V3721 YYA*
22739367-C-T 20577481-C-T YYA*
5166408-G-A 5298367-G-A A*
6239501-G-A 6371460-G-A IR3_Dst A*
7100362-T-C 7232321-T-C FGC58 CTS944 YA*
16005138-C-A 13893258-C-A CTS5082 YA*
18363337-A-T 16251457-A-T P6_Prx A*
19648564-T-A 17536684-T-A ZS5880 P5_Prx A*
19858951-G-A 17747071-G-A ZS3711 P5_Prx A*
19658848-A-C 17546968-A-C P5_Prx A*
21863435-C-G 19701549-C-G S3997FT25730 YA*
25525698-G-A 23379551-G-A P1_gr1 A*
6338822-C-T 6470781-C-T BY21721 IR3_Dst 4×TAATA*
6307914-G-C 6439873-G-C Z16668 IR3_Dst A*
19684564-T-C 17572684-T-C P5_Prx A*A*
19884123-C-T 17772243-C-T P5_Prx A*A*
26335860-G-T 24189713-G-T P1_Y1 A*
18296168-C-CT 16184288-C-CT P6_Prx 10×TA*
3198439-G-C 3330398-G-C A*
6232179-T-G 6364138-T-G IR3_Dst A*
18309545-G-A 16197665-G-A P6_Prx A*
19846266-T-GTACAATACAAA 17734386-T-GTACAATACAAA P5_Prx A*
20333510-A-TTTGTATTGTAC 18171624-A-TTTGTATTGTAC P5_Dst A*
24256305-A-T 22110158-A-T FT460903 P3_b1 4×ATTTA*
25547499-G-A 23401352-G-A P1_gr1 A*
25899508-T-C 23753361-T-C P1_Y1 A*
23126871-C-T 20964985-C-T BY143177 YY+*
21044478-A-T 18882592-A-T Z32705 BY6846 Y+*
7555263-A-C 7687222-A-C BY65868 YY+*
9130619-A-C 9293010-A-C BY78374 Y+*
14409316-C-T 12288613-C-T BY95557 YY+*
14553650-T-G 12441851-T-G BY96457 YY+*
14866238-T-C 12754308-T-C BY98099 YY+*
14921501-G-A 12809566-G-A BY98496 YY+*
14921502-G-T 12809567-G-T BY98497 YY+*
15471989-C-T 13360109-C-T BY101800 YY+*
15944538-A-G 13832658-A-G BY105038 YY+*
16596574-C-A 14484694-C-A BY108882 YY+*
17491336-T-A 15379456-T-A BY115189 YY+*
17632550-C-T 15520670-C-T BY116269 YY+*
18026415-T-A 15914535-T-A BY119239 Y+*
18110771-T-A 15998891-T-A BY120124 YY+*
18635723-T-C 16523843-T-C BY122735 YY+*
18644517-A-T 16532637-A-T BY122813 YY+*
18647019-C-G 16535139-C-G BY122837 YY+*
19458493-T-C 17346613-T-C BY129272 YY+*
21444895-A-G 19283009-A-G BY132966 YY+*
22671648-T-C 20509762-T-C BY139919 YY+*
22808319-C-A 20646433-C-A BY140916 YY+*
22846238-G-T 20684352-G-T BY141208 YY+*
23080537-C-G 20918651-C-G BY142858 YY+*
4995902-C-A 5127861-C-A ***
14232761-T-C 12112055-T-C YY***
14507579-C-A 12395784-C-A YY***
16508759-T-G 14396879-T-G YY***
17275835-GAAGCAAAGCA-G 15163955-GAAGCAAAGCA-G 6×AAGCA**
17879788-T-C 15767908-T-C YY***
19500763-G-GTAGA 17388883-G-GTAGA 5×TAGA*
22302058-G-A 20140172-G-A DYZ19 ****
22302594-G-A 20140708-G-A DYZ19 *
23184317-A-T 21022431-A-T Y***
28795982-G-A 26649835-G-A *
13977014-C-A 11856308-C-A Y*
3502997-G-T 3634956-G-T *
3683784-C-A 3815743-C-A *
4273288-T-C 4405247-T-C *
4521881-A-T 4653840-A-T *
5248516-C-G 5380475-C-G *
5630808-A-G 5762767-A-G *
5836312-T-G 5968271-T-G *
5995472-G-A 6127431-G-A *
6463367-A-T 6595326-A-T *
6606341-A-T 6738300-A-T FT223679 *
6791683-T-A 6923642-T-A YY*
10856171-C-A *
10907917-T-C *
14107710-C-T 11987004-C-T YY*
17548445-G-A 15436565-G-A FT196520 Y*
23358590-C-A 21196704-C-A Y*
28655172-G-C 26509025-G-C *
13143134-A-C 10632620-A-C **
58980777-TTTCAC-T 56834630-TTTCAC-T **
59020047-G-A 56873900-G-A **
3612138-T-A 3744097-T-A **
17567384-C-A 15455504-C-A **
16063410-C-A 13951530-C-A **
16703792-G-T 14591912-G-T **
10673854-ACT-A **
28406874-C-A 26260727-C-A P1_gr2 **
19271375-C-A 17159495-C-A **
10889236-T-G **
28591260-C-A 26445113-C-A **
10880909-C-A **
19827417-G-T 17715537-G-T P5_Prx **
9852870-C-A 10015261-C-A **
2856600-C-A 2988559-C-A **
23009911-G-T 20848025-G-T **
10669454-C-CACTTG **
10789323-T-C **
56851076-G-T **
13459547-T-G 11303871-T-G **
10763018-T-C **
13212526-C-A 11056850-C-A **
16271807-GAAAAAAA-G 14159927-GAAAAAAA-G 19×A**
10781521-C-A **
21482757-C-A 19320871-C-A **
17103988-G-T 14992108-G-T **
19520729-C-A 17408849-C-A **
2766688-A-AT 2898647-A-AT 9×T**
2778643-A-C 2910602-A-C **
2784548-C-A 2916507-C-A **
2845261-G-A 2977220-G-A **
2860202-A-T 2992161-A-T **
2986108-T-A 3118067-T-A **
3032628-CTT-C 3164587-CTT-C 9×T**
3032951-A-C 3164910-A-C **
3147725-G-T 3279684-G-T **
3147758-G-T 3279717-G-T **
3148097-C-A 3280056-C-A **
3285824-G-T 3417783-G-T **
3286673-C-A 3418632-C-A **
3376081-T-A 3508040-T-A **
3606016-T-A 3737975-T-A **
3828938-G-T 3960897-G-T **
3829006-C-A 3960965-C-A **
4004896-G-T 4136855-G-T **
4057229-G-T 4189188-G-T **
4074633-G-T 4206592-G-T **
4108222-C-A 4240181-C-A **
4339641-G-T 4471600-G-T **
4443061-C-A 4575020-C-A **
4456469-G-T 4588428-G-T **
4632164-C-A 4764123-C-A **
4700527-C-A 4832486-C-A **
4919363-A-C 5051322-A-C **
4926034-G-T 5057993-G-T **
5014349-A-G 5146308-A-G **
5133205-C-A 5265164-C-A **
5185370-T-A 5317329-T-A **
5292226-G-A 5424185-G-A **
5406653-G-T 5538612-G-T **
5418313-C-A 5550272-C-A **
5459243-G-C 5591202-G-C **
5459843-C-A 5591802-C-A **
5651396-T-A 5783355-T-A **
5775541-C-A 5907500-C-A **
5780761-A-C 5912720-A-C **
5976952-A-T 6108911-A-T **
5977926-C-A 6109885-C-A **
5993261-A-C 6125220-A-C **
6435082-C-A 6567041-C-A **
6528805-C-A 6660764-C-A **
6559163-T-A 6691122-T-A **
6602849-C-A 6734808-C-A **
6641760-T-C 6773719-T-C **
6646767-C-A 6778726-C-A **
6714641-C-A 6846600-C-A **
6744476-C-A 6876435-C-A **
6790217-C-A 6922176-C-A **
6816628-A-T 6948587-A-T **
6918561-AAAAAAG-A 7050520-AAAAAAG-A **
6992553-CTTTTTTTTTTTT-C 7124512-CTTTTTTTTTTTT-C 17×T*****
6992559-T-G 7124518-T-G **
7012709-C-A 7144668-C-A **
7038540-C-A 7170499-C-A **
7081807-C-A 7213766-C-A **
7092295-C-A 7224254-C-A **
7116054-C-G 7248013-C-G **
7170843-C-A 7302802-C-A **
7202316-T-G 7334275-T-G **
7334061-C-A 7466020-C-A **
7360458-C-A 7492417-C-A **
7534637-AAC-A 7666596-AAC-A **
7643157-C-A 7775116-C-A **
7828946-C-A 7960905-C-A **
7994270-C-A 8126229-C-A **
8073967-C-A 8205926-C-A **
8079157-G-T 8211116-G-T **
8095597-T-G 8227556-T-G **
8214097-C-A 8346056-C-A **
8281639-C-A 8413598-C-A **
8673300-C-A 8805259-C-A **
8678071-G-A 8810030-G-A Y64323 **
9075940-C-A 9238331-C-A **
9311348-G-T 9473739-G-T **
9379008-A-G 9541399-A-G **
9427767-G-T 9590158-G-T **
9513336-T-C 9675727-T-C **
9937672-C-A 10100063-C-A **
9941273-C-A 10103664-C-A **
9979248-C-A 10141639-C-A **
10661862-C-A **
10692056-A-T **
10692256-T-A **
10692262-A-G **
10746974-A-C **
10746975-T-TTACTC **
10746998-C-CGGTT **
10748219-C-G **
10748258-A-ATAGCACTCCG **
10751456-C-A **
10758936-C-A **
10762987-CCTCCT-C **
10765634-G-T **
10766127-C-T **
10766132-C-T **
10766133-A-T **
10766142-T-C **
10766152-C-T **
10766193-T-C **
10766194-C-A **
10766210-A-G **
10766225-C-A **
10766233-C-G **
10766234-T-A **
10766237-G-A **
10766396-C-A **
10781497-T-A **
10781515-G-A **
10787846-G-T **
10793686-C-A **
10796652-C-CGGAGG **
10801659-T-G **
10801674-T-G **
10809645-CT-C **
10820476-C-A **
10824489-T-G **
10832358-C-A **
10836980-C-A **
10841966-T-A **
10843702-A-T **
10843707-A-T **
10843761-A-T BY4005FT127795 **
10849498-C-A FT434024 **
10849573-C-A **
10849790-T-C **
10876820-A-G **
10876822-A-C **
10876824-A-T **
10876826-A-C **
10876828-C-T **
10876836-A-G **
10876841-T-C **
10876843-TTGACCAG-T **
10876862-C-T **
10876880-T-C **
10882953-T-C **
10889228-C-T **
10893059-C-A **
10902845-G-T **
10917222-T-A **
10917266-C-A **
10935537-C-A **
10935542-C-A **
10935546-C-A **
10935588-A-ATACTG **
10936881-C-A **
10945423-C-A **
10951211-A-C **
10951221-C-G **
10951228-A-T **
10951235-T-G **
10958370-A-T **
10967539-A-G **
10987777-T-TTAATC **
11008738-C-A **
11026050-C-A **
13197075-C-A 11041399-C-A **
13234368-C-A 11078692-C-A **
13387644-G-T 11231968-G-T **
13445943-G-A 11290267-G-A **
13482264-C-A 11326588-C-A **
13509042-G-T 11353366-G-T **
13566021-A-C 11410345-A-C **
13628542-A-T 11472866-A-T **
13695490-T-G 11539814-T-G **
13700852-AG-A 11545176-AG-A **
13709305-T-C 11553629-T-C **
13725723-T-A 11570047-T-A **
11643693-G-GGATTCAAACC **
11648710-G-A **
11649568-G-T **
13811116-A-C 11690410-A-C **
13858529-G-A 11737823-G-A **
13858538-T-G 11737832-T-G **
13858541-A-AGTGTT 11737835-A-AGTGTT **
13858547-A-T 11737841-A-T **
13858562-A-G 11737856-A-G **
13925802-A-T 11805096-A-T **
13926949-C-G 11806243-C-G **
13969903-C-A 11849197-C-A **
14008803-AC-A 11888097-AC-A **
14021289-T-G 11900583-T-G **
14241190-C-A 12120484-C-A **
14270009-C-A 12149303-C-A **
14431232-C-A 12310505-C-A **
14506079-G-C 12394284-G-C **
14506734-A-T 12394939-A-T **
14527703-C-A 12415904-C-A **
14539656-T-C 12427857-T-C **
14551582-A-T 12439783-A-T **
14558409-G-T 12446610-G-T **
14584571-A-T 12472771-A-T **
14593638-T-A 12481838-T-A **
14678841-G-T 12566907-G-T **
14714834-C-A 12602901-C-A **
14720119-A-T 12608187-A-T **
14736066-T-G 12624134-T-G **
14736139-T-G 12624207-T-G **
14757744-A-C 12645813-A-C **
14988867-C-A 12876933-C-A **
15114179-C-T 13002266-C-T **
15160673-G-T 13048759-G-T **
15183643-G-C 13071729-G-C **
15197467-T-A 13085553-T-A **
15230955-C-A 13119041-C-A **
15380376-G-T 13268496-G-T **
15392504-A-T 13280624-A-T **
15503250-A-C 13391370-A-C **
15542117-C-A 13430237-C-A **
15622594-T-G 13510714-T-G **
15756328-C-A 13644448-C-A **
15785963-C-A 13674083-C-A **
15898916-C-G 13787036-C-G **
15909463-C-A 13797583-C-A **
16029021-C-A 13917141-C-A **
16274227-T-A 14162347-T-A **
16295794-G-T 14183914-G-T **
16421970-C-A 14310090-C-A **
16514486-C-G 14402606-C-G **
16656714-G-A 14544834-G-A **
16681708-T-C 14569828-T-C **
16703721-A-T 14591841-A-T **
16765520-T-G 14653640-T-G **
16933087-T-G 14821207-T-G **
16968176-AG-A 14856296-AG-A **
17051397-A-T 14939517-A-T **
17088861-A-C 14976981-A-C **
17136909-A-T 15025029-A-T **
17196363-T-G 15084483-T-G **
17231477-C-A 15119597-C-A **
17246543-C-A 15134663-C-A **
17328941-C-A 15217061-C-A **
17328999-C-A 15217119-C-A **
17505199-G-T 15393319-G-T **
17622522-C-A 15510642-C-A **
17638442-G-T 15526562-G-T **
17654924-A-T 15543044-A-T **
17707204-C-A 15595324-C-A **
18047423-C-A 15935543-C-A **
18108569-C-A 15996689-C-A **
18369830-G-C 16257950-G-C P6_Prx **
18447610-C-A 16335730-C-A P6_Dst **
18794133-G-C 16682253-G-C **
18794150-T-A 16682270-T-A **
18993389-C-A 16881509-C-A **
19039139-C-A 16927259-C-A **
19042933-C-A 16931053-C-A **
19109953-G-T 16998073-G-T FT151414 **
19111352-G-T 16999472-G-T **
19123222-G-T 17011342-G-T **
19135286-C-A 17023406-C-A **
19166083-C-A 17054203-C-A **
19247074-C-A 17135194-C-A **
19254246-A-C 17142366-A-C **
19270537-CAAAAA-C 17158657-CAAAAA-C 21×A**
19296873-T-G 17184993-T-G **
19377210-G-A 17265330-G-A **
19377323-G-C 17265443-G-C **
19409944-C-A 17298064-C-A **
19429665-C-A 17317785-C-A **
19429710-C-A 17317830-C-A **
19517905-T-G 17406025-T-G **
19600436-TGC-T 17488556-TGC-T P5_Prx **
19600508-G-TTT 17488628-G-TTT P5_Prx **
19839569-G-T 17727689-G-T P5_Prx **
20129008-A-AT 18017128-A-AT P5_Dst **
20470186-C-A 18308300-C-A P5_Dst **
20557588-G-T 18395702-G-T P5_Dst **
20557620-G-T 18395734-G-T P5_Dst **
20620881-A-C 18458995-A-C P4_Prx **
20950422-C-A 18788536-C-A P4_Dst **
21196547-T-G 19034661-T-G **
21299362-C-A 19137476-C-A FT108242 **
21531510-A-T 19369624-A-T **
21531513-A-T 19369627-A-T **
21531547-A-T 19369661-A-T **
21584711-C-A 19422825-C-A **
21584993-ATATACTTTCTTC-A 19423107-ATATACTTTCTTC-A **
21585010-T-C 19423124-T-C **
21585025-A-T 19423139-A-T **
21585029-C-G 19423143-C-G **
21585046-C-T 19423160-C-T **
21585052-G-A 19423166-G-A **
21742964-C-T 19581078-C-T **
21946420-C-A 19784534-C-A **
21996113-C-A 19834227-C-A **
22085446-C-T 19923560-C-T **
22149841-A-C 19987955-A-C **
22268144-T-C 20106258-T-C DYZ19 **
22423679-C-T 20261793-C-T DYZ19 **
22513070-C-A 20351184-C-A **
22587107-A-C 20425221-A-C **
22703642-A-T 20541756-A-T **
22720513-A-C 20558627-A-C **
23098056-T-A 20936170-T-A **
23142950-C-A 20981064-C-A **
23311138-C-A 21149252-C-A **
23311142-C-A 21149256-C-A **
23341846-T-A 21179960-T-A **
23426973-A-T 21265087-A-T **
23440210-A-C 21278324-A-C **
23610092-G-T 21448206-G-T **
24450603-G-T 22304456-G-T **
24616560-T-A 22470413-T-A P3_t2 **
24616563-G-A 22470416-G-A P3_t2 **
24616571-G-C 22470424-G-C P3_t2 **
25815249-G-T 23669102-G-T P1_b3 **
25841751-C-A 23695604-C-A P1_b3 **
25875647-G-T 23729500-G-T P1_Y1 **
25875653-C-A 23729506-C-A P1_Y1 **
25994926-G-T 23848779-G-T P1_Y1 **
26138362-A-T 23992215-A-T P1_Y1 **
26153741-G-T 24007594-G-T P1_Y1 **
26250840-G-T 24104693-G-T P1_Y1 **
26254260-A-T 24108113-A-T P1_Y1 **
27232054-T-C 25085907-T-C P1_g3 **
27863748-G-A 25717601-G-A P1_Y2 **
27898420-C-A 25752273-C-A P1_Y2 **
28478320-G-A 26332173-G-A **
28478333-C-A 26332186-C-A **
28478866-A-T 26332719-A-T **
28525344-CAA-C 26379197-CAA-C 11×A**
28545927-CA-C 26399780-CA-C 8×A**
28635196-C-A 26489049-C-A **
28659474-T-A 26513327-T-A **
28755068-C-A 26608921-C-A **
28755709-C-A 26609562-C-A **
28764936-C-A 26618789-C-A **
28771585-C-A 26625438-C-A **
28804433-AGAGTG-A 26658286-AGAGTG-A **
28819294-T-A 26673147-T-A **
56823067-A-C **
56836086-C-A **
56845206-G-T **
56851159-G-T **
56851160-G-T **
56851175-T-TC **
56851177-TC-T **
56851186-C-T **
56874018-G-T **
27943977-CA-C 25797830-CA-C P1_Y2 **
13459569-C-A 11303893-C-A **
3612135-T-A 3744094-T-A **
13459541-A-T 11303865-A-T **
18276612-G-T 16164732-G-T P6_Prx **
19616050-T-G 17504170-T-G P5_Prx **
19624670-A-C 17512790-A-C P5_Prx **
19682794-A-C 17570914-A-C P5_Prx **
19691974-A-C 17580094-A-C P5_Prx **
19706231-T-A 17594351-T-A P5_Prx **
20732757-T-G 18570871-T-G P4_Prx **
24259655-A-T 22113508-A-T P3_b1 **
25883617-G-T 23737470-G-T P1_Y1 **
26337104-T-G 24190957-T-G P1_Y1 **
16726837-G-T 14614957-G-T ***
21581064-T-C 19419178-T-C ***
9169928-C-A 9332319-C-A Y29027Y29023 ***
21328805-CAAAAAAAAAAA-C 19166919-CAAAAAAAAAAA-C 30×A***
21085779-CAAAAAAAA-C 18923893-CAAAAAAAA-C 24×A***
10746998-C-G ***
13838776-G-A 11718070-G-A ***
22904219-C-A 20742333-C-A ***
16805792-TA-T,TAA 14693912-TA-T,TAA 14×A***
10888029-T-A ***
4841655-G-T 4973614-G-T ***
7294347-G-T 7426306-G-T ***
7417561-CT-C,CTT 7549520-CT-C,CTT 14×T***
7516187-C-A 7648146-C-A ***
8182205-CAAA-C,CAA 8314164-CAAA-C,CAA 18×A***
8398996-C-A 8530955-C-A ***
8636047-G-T 8768006-G-T ***
10746957-C-A ***
10746963-C-GGAATGATTCT ***
10775954-C-A ***
10796691-C-CTGATT ***
10980703-C-T ***
10980704-C-T ***
10980729-C-T ***
10987815-A-T ***
11033904-T-C ***
14232916-C-A 12112210-C-A ***
14549309-CAAA-C,CA 12437510-CAAA-C,CA 16×A***
16063385-C-A 13951505-C-A ***
16520873-G-T 14408993-G-T ***
17386774-TAAA-T 15274894-TAAA-T 15×A***
17465052-C-A 15353172-C-A ***
17860195-G-T 15748315-G-T ***
19131668-C-A 17019788-C-A ***
19429641-C-A 17317761-C-A ***
21086136-TAAAAA-T 18924250-TAAAAA-T 24×A***
21211510-C-A 19049624-C-A ***
21556619-A-G 19394733-A-G ***
22200355-CAA-C,CA 20038469-CAA-C,CA 13×A***
23818259-A-G 21656373-A-G ***
24518677-G-T 22372530-G-T ***
19187446-CTTTT-C,CTTT 17075566-CTTTT-C,CTTT 34×T***
3457210-C-T 3589169-C-T ***
4366170-G-A 4498129-G-A ***
9508531-CTT-C,CT 9670922-CTT-C,CT 25×T***
9766811-G-C 9929202-G-C ***
10911334-A-C ***
13623197-A-C 11467521-A-C ***
14247885-A-G 12127179-A-G BY94311 ***
28545696-CAAAAAAAAAAA-C 26399549-CAAAAAAAAAAA-C 26×A***

In the table above, the meaning of the confidence field depends on whether the data comes from an FTDNA kit or an FGC kit. For FTDNA kits, + implies a "PASS" result with just one possible variant, * indicates a "PASS" but with multiple variants, ** indicates "REJECTED" with just a single variant, and *** indicates "REJECTED" with multiple possible variants. 'A*' are heterozygous variants not called by FTDNA, but still pulled from the VCF file. For FGC kits, + indicates over 99% likely genuine (95% for INDELs); * over 95% likely genuine (90% for INDELs); ** about 40% likely genuine; *** about 10% likely genuine. Manual entries read directly from a BAM file will be either + indicating positive, or * indicating that the data show a mixture of possible variants.

For the FTDNA kits, the BED data is encoded in the background color of the cells. Those cells with a white background have coverage, those with a grey background indicate no coverage in the BED file, and those with a pink background indicate the mutation is on the edge of a coverage region. These pink regions often indicate that the individual may be positive for a SNP even if there is no corresponding entry in the vcf file.

The combBED column indicates whether or not the mutation is a SNP and falls in the combBED region defined in Defining a New Rate Constant for Y-Chromosome SNPs based on Full Sequencing Data by Dmitry Adamov, Vladimir Guryanov, Sergey Karzhavin, Vladimir Tagankin, Vadim Urasin.

The McDonald BED column indicates whether or not the mutation is a SNP and falls in the BED region used by Dr. Iain McDonald in the age analysis he does for R-U106 men.